Core terminology from CRT regulations and NOM-006 — the vocabulary behind every legitimate tequila conversation.
Abocado
Mellowing, softening, making it smoother...
Agave Tequilana Weber
The only agave species permitted in tequila production...
Agavero
Agave farmer — cultivates blue agave from planting to harvest...
Añejo
Aged minimum one year in oak up to 600L...
Bagazo
Leftover agave fibers after juice extraction...
Barrica
Oak barrel used for aging tequila...
Blanco / Silver / Plata
Unaged or rested up to 60 days — purest agave expression...
Bulbillo
Agave stalk growing on the quiote — used for propagation...
Cabeza
Head — first cut of the distillation run, typically discarded...
Capón
Agave with its flowering stalk removed to maximize sugar content...
Corazón
Heart — the desirable middle cut of distillation, the core of finished tequila...
Cosecha
Harvest — agave is harvested year-round as individual plants mature...
Cristalino
Filtered aged tequila — not a legal NOM-006 category...
Denominación de Origen
Geographic protection — tequila can only be produced in 5 Mexican states...
Destrozador
First distillation still — produces the ordinario before rectification...
Extra Añejo
Aged minimum three years — introduced 2006 for ultra-aged expressions...
Fábrica
Factory — distillery. Each fábrica holds a unique NOM number from the CRT...
Hijuelo
Agave sapling — asexual clone of the mother plant used for propagation...
Horno
Traditional brick oven — slow-cooks agave at ~95°C for 24-72 hours...
Inulin
Agave sugar storage compound converted to fermentable sugars during cooking...
Jima / Jimador
Harvest / harvester — skilled worker using a coa tool to extract the piña...
Joven / Gold / Oro
Young — unaged or blanco with mellowing additives to simulate aged character...
Los Altos (Highlands)
Eastern Jalisco highlands — red clay soils, slow-maturing agave, sweeter profiles...
Lote
Batch — lot number appearing on the bottle for production traceability...
Mellowing (Abocado)
Addition of up to 1% approved softening agents — not permitted for blanco...
Mixto
51% minimum agave sugars — 100% agave absent from label indicates mixto...
Molienda
Mill — the extraction of juice from cooked agave by tahona, roller mill, or diffuser...
Mosto
Must — agave juice undergoing fermentation. Mosto muerto = dead/finished must...
NOM
Norma Oficial Mexicana — 4-digit distillery ID on every certified tequila bottle...
Ordinario
First distillate — low-wine collected before second distillation to finished strength...
Penca
Agave leaf — removed during harvest. Cut height affects tequila flavor...
Piña
Harvested agave heart — pineapple-shaped, 40-90kg, contains fermentable inulin...
Quiote
Flowering stalk — must be removed (capón) to keep sugar in the piña...
Rectificador
Second distillation still — rectifies ordinario to finished tequila strength...
Reposado
Rested 2 months to 1 year in oak — agave and wood in balance...
Sazón
Right on point — the optimal agave maturity stage for harvest...
Tahona
Traditional stone crushing wheel — labor intensive, associated with artisanal production...
Tequila Valley (Lowlands)
Western Jalisco valley — volcanic soils, faster maturation, earthier profiles...
Tequilero
Tequila producer — maestro tequilero is the master distiller overseeing production...
Vinazas
Distillation waste liquid — environmental concern, some producers recycle as fertilizer...